Since the 2020 U.S. presidential election, vote by mail (VBM) has come under sustained criticism out of concern over election security and integrity. The evidence for this criticism often boils down to anecdotes and hypotheticals.
More credible evidence is available to understand and evaluate VBM as election policy. It has a long, recorded administrative and political history, and there is a significant body of scholarly research on its impacts. Modern implementation of VBM in states offers additional insights. This report aims to inform the debate about VBM by elevating these sources of evidence.
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